eISSN: 2354-0265
ISSN: 2353-6942
Health Problems of Civilization Physical activity: diseases and issues recognized by the WHO
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Review paper

MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Maitham Abdallah Albajy
1, 2
,
Dan Florin Mihailescu
1, 3

  1. Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Romania
  2. Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, National Center for Occupational Health and Safety, Dhi Qar Governorate, Nasiriyah, Iraq
  3. Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Health Problems of Civilization
Online publish date: 2024/04/08
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the more common form of diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion; this occurs during the progression of T2DM, and high blood glucose levels. T2DM, a prevalent metabolic condition, arises from the dual causes of impaired insulin production by pancreatic β-cells and the inadequate response of insulin-sensitive tissues to insulin. It poses a significant public health concern, impacting both health and quality of life. Individuals with T2DM may have normal fasting glucose levels. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a combination of insufficient insulin production and reduced responsiveness to insulin, both of which are associated with the presence of inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream and elevated levels of fatty acids. These factors result in impaired glucose transport into the cells that need it, increased breakdown of fat, and heightened production of glucose by the liver. It is crucial to establish a diagnostic framework, provide medication such as sulfonylureas or insulin, and incorporate dietary and physical activity interventions. Managing cholesterol and blood pressure alongside hyperglycemia control is essential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. While SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agents offer cardiovascular benefits, they should complement, not replace, statin therapy and blood pressure control for effective cardiovascular risk reduction.
keywords:

type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, glucose level, hyperglycemia, blood pressure


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